What effect does exposure to radiation have on biological tissues?

Exposure to radiation can lead to significant biological effects on tissues, primarily through the mechanisms of cell mutation and damage. When living tissues are exposed to radiation, the DNA within cells can be directly damaged, leading to potential mutations. These alterations in the DNA can disrupt normal cell function, affect cell replication, and may even lead to uncontrolled cell growth, which is a hallmark of cancer.

Additionally, radiation exposure can also result in indirect damage through the generation of free radicals. These highly reactive molecules can further wreak havoc on cellular structures, including cellular membranes and proteins, intensifying the overall impact on cellular integrity and function.

In contrast, other options like cell replication and strengthening of the immune response do not accurately represent the consequences of radiation exposure. While cells do replicate, radiation typically compromises their ability to do so properly. Immediate healing is also not a consequence of radiation exposure; rather, the body typically experiences a delayed response as it attempts to repair the damaged tissues over time. Thus, recognizing the potential for cell mutation and damage as a primary effect of radiation exposure is critical in understanding the implications for biological tissues.